By 700 BC, it became the first capital of Iran, later chosen by the Achaemenid and Parthian Empires as their summer capital.
Hamadan is mentioned in the Bible (Ezra 6:1–3) it was called Ahmatha
Over the centuries, it was looted by Alexander the Great, sacked by the Mongols, yet it endures.
About 1220 Hamadan was destroyed by the Mongols. In 1386 it was sacked by Timur (Tamerlane), a Turkic conqueror, and the inhabitants massacred. It was partly restored in the 17th century and subsequently changed hands often between Iranian ruling houses and the Ottomans.
here's a map of the city before the radial roads:
The circular layout was actually an attempt to modernize the city and it tore up Hamedan's old layout of numerous neighborhood centers interconnected by narrow meandering streets
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